The present study assesses the effect of such chronic sleep deprivation on brain functioning with special emphasis on frontal lobe functions. Chronic sleep deprivation is common in the modern society. Deficits in daytime performance due to sleep loss are experienced universally and associated with significant social, financial, and human cost. The objective way to assess effect of chronic sleep deprivation on various brain functions such as sustained attention, planning, and memory is to conduct the neuropsychology test battery. The general public was recruited as volunteers. Volunteers were asked to wear Actiwatch and/to fill sleep diary for 7 consecutive days. The neuropsychology test battery utilized included psychomotor vigilance task, forward digit span, Iowa gambling task, tower of London, Wisconsin card sorting test, Stroop, and Rey auditory verbal learning test. Results show that chronic sleep deprivation has the most significant effect on the younger generation as compared to older adults. There was no significant effect on the elderly population. Future large cohort studies are underway to substantiate the findings of this study.

The loss to follow-up is a common issue in chronic disease management and can have a significant impact on the outcome. This study is an attempt to monitor the proportion of patients who come for a follow-up visit within the prescribed time in a sleep clinic. A total of 204 patients (mean age—46 years) were included in the study (147 (72.1%) males and 57 (13.7%) females), of which, 192 patients were recommended a follow-up visit by the sleep physician. Of the 192, 27 patients (14%) came for the follow-up. The follow-up rate was the highest in patients with insomnia and sleep disorders secondary to psychiatric conditions and the lowest in patients with sleep-disordered breathing and miscellaneous sleep disorders. The dismal rate of follow-up reflects the necessity of increasing awareness about the importance of treating sleep disorders in the general population.

Pediatric sleep apnea is an underestimated and often ignored childhood morbidity which is on rise with an increasing prevalence of obesity. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) constitutes the bulk of the pediatric sleep-disordered breathing with a fewer proportion of children suffering from central or mixed sleep apnea. OSA often leads to growth failure, cardiovascular dysfunction, behavioral problems, poor learning, and quality of life. Systematic evaluation of the apnea along with appropriate management modality gives an opportunity to gain the short-term and long-term health. This review is focused on the management of OSA in the pediatric age group. Treatment decisions are guided by detailed evaluation findings like anatomic malformation, degree of functional impairment, and sleep study findings.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder causing cognitive dysfunction. Unfortunately, both the disease itself and this disastrous complication go unnoticed due to poor perception for the same. This review attempts to explain the pathophysiology, consequences, and treatment options for the same. The keypoint is early diagnosis and treatment of OSA so as to prevent the cognitive decline.