Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine

Register      Login

VOLUME 9 , ISSUE 3 ( July-September, 2014 ) > List of Articles

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Yoga and sleep: Is there a scientific link?

Nagarajan Ramakrishnan

Keywords : Yoga, Sleep Disorders, Complementary Therapy.

Citation Information : Ramakrishnan N. Yoga and sleep: Is there a scientific link?. Indian Sleep Med 2014; 9 (3):113-118.

DOI: 10.5958/0974-0155.2014.01112.7

License: NA

Published Online: 01-06-2018

Copyright Statement:  NA


Abstract

Sleep disorders are widespread and a public health concern. Common sleep disorders encountered in sleep clinics include sleep deprivation, insomnia, snoring and sleep apnea, circadian rhythm disturbances, restless legs syndrome, parasomnias, and rare disorders such as narcolepsy. In addition to modern medicine, other forms of clinically effective and patient acceptable holistic treatments are also on the rise. Yoga is a widely accepted holistic therapy and proclaimed to have positive effect on sleep disorders, mental health, and an overall sense of well-being. This article attempts to summarize existing evidence of impact of yoga on sleep. Although close to 2720 articles were found on “yoga,” only a few of these have evaluated the effect of yoga on sleep. Existing scientific evidence suggests that yoga may be effective as a complementary therapy for improving sleep quality and for specific sleep disorders. There is a paucity of studies evaluating effect of yoga on most of the common sleep disorders underscoring the need of further research in this field.


PDF Share
  1. Ohayon MM. Prevalence and comorbidity of sleep disorders in general population. Rev Prat 2007;57(14):1521–1528. [Article in French]
  2. Sigurdson K, Ayas NT. The public health and safety consequences of sleep disorders. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007;85(1):179–183.
  3. Gooneratne NS. Complementary and alternative medicine for sleep disturbances in older adults. Clin Geriatr Med 2008;24(1):121–128.
  4. Macmillan Dictionary for Students Macmillan, Pan Ltd. (1981), p. 936.
  5. Luyster FS, Strollo PJ Jr, Zee PC, Walsh JK. Sleep: a health imperative. Sleep 2012;35(6):727–734.
  6. Riley D. Hatha yoga and the treatment of illness. Altern Ther Health Med 2004;10:20–21.
  7. Vera FM, Manzaneque JM, Maldonado EF, Carranque GA, Rodriguez FM, Blanca MJ, et al. Subjective sleep quality and hormonal modulation in long-term yoga practitioners. Biol Psychol 2009;81(3):164–168.
  8. Ross A, Friedmann E, Bevans M, Thomas S. Frequency of yoga practice predicts health: results of a national survey of yoga practitioners. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:983258.
  9. Bankar MA, Chaudhari SK, Chaudhari KD. Impact of long term Yoga practice on sleep quality and quality of life in the elderly. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2013;4(1):28–32.
  10. Manjunath NK, Telles S. Influence of Yoga and Ayurveda on self-rated sleep in a geriatric population. Indian J Med Res 2005;121(5):683–690.
  11. Halpern J, Cohen M, Kennedy G, Reece J, Cahan C, Baharav A. Yoga for improving sleep quality and quality of life for older adults. Altern Ther Health Med 2014;20(3):37–46.
  12. Beddoe AE, Lee KA, Weiss SJ, Kennedy HP, Yang CP. Effects of mindful yoga on sleep in pregnant women: a pilot study. Biol Res Nurs 2010;11(4):363–370.
  13. Field T, Diego M, Delgado J, Medina L. Tai chi/yoga reduces prenatal depression, anxiety and sleep disturbances. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2013;19(1):6–10.
  14. Telles S, Naveen KV. Yoga for rehabilitation: an overview. Indian J Med Sci 1997;51(4):123–127.
  15. Sobana R, Parthasarathy S, Duraisamy, Jaiganesh K, Vadivel S. The effect of yoga therapy on selected psychological variables among male patients with insomnia. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7(1):55–57.
  16. National Institutes of Health Sot SCS. Manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Sleep 2005;28:1049–1057.
  17. Riemann D, Voderholzer U. Primary Insomnia: a risk factor to develop depression? J Affect Disord 2003;76(1–3):255– 259.
  18. Neckelmann D, Mykletun A, Dahl AA. Chronic insomnia as a risk factor for developing anxiety and depression. Sleep 2007;30(7):873–880.
  19. Breslau N, Roth T, Rosenthal L. Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults. Biol Psychiatry 1996;39(6):411–418.
  20. Ford D, Kamerow D. Epidemiological study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. JAMA 1989;262(11):1479–1484.
  21. Vgontzas AN, Liao D, Bixler EO, Chrousos GP, Vela-Bueno A. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a high risk for hypertension. Sleep 2009;32(4):491– 497.
  22. Kozasa EH, Hachul H, Monson C, Pinto Jr L, Garcia MC, Mello LE, et al. Mind-body interventions for the treatment of insomnia: a review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2010;32(4):437– 443.
  23. Khalsa SB. Treatment of chronic insomnia with yoga: a preliminary study with sleep-wake diaries. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2004;29(4):269–278.
  24. Chaudhuri KR. Restless legs syndrome: time to recognize a very common movement disorder. Pract Neurol 2003;3:204–213.
  25. Innes KE, Selfe TK, Agarwal P, Williams K, Flack KL. Efficacy of an eight-week yoga intervention on symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS): a pilot study. J Altern Complement Med Jun;19(6):527–535.
  26. Innes KE, Selfe TK. The effects of a gentle yoga program on sleep, mood, and blood pressure in older women with restless legs syndrome (RLS): a preliminary randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:294058.
  27. Lam JCM, Sharma SK, Lam B. Obstructive sleep apnoea: definitions, epidemiology and natural history. Indian J Med Res 2010;131:165–170.
  28. Yoga and Sleep Apnea. Available at http:// www.livestrong.com/article/339766-yoga-sleep-apnea/ (last accessed on May 2014).
  29. Sood A, Narayanan S, Wahner-Roedler D, Knudsen K, Sood R, Loehrer LL, et al. Use of complementary and alternative medicine treatments by patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. J Clin Sleep Med 2007;3:575– 759.
  30. Chen KM, Chen MH, Lin MH, Fan JT, Lin HS, Li CH. Effects of yoga on sleep quality and depression in elders in assisted living facilities. J Nurs Res 2010;18(1):53–61.
  31. Hariprasad VR, Sivakumar PT, Koparde V, Varambally S, Thirthalli J, Varghese M, et al. Effects of yoga intervention on sleep and quality-of-life in elderly: a randomized controlled trial. Indian J Psychiatry 2013;55(Suppl 3):S364–S368.
  32. Chen KM, Chen MH, Chao HC, Hung HM, Lin HS, Li CH. Sleep quality, depression state, and health status of older adults after silver yoga exercises: cluster randomized trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2009;46(2):154–163.
  33. Mustian KM, Sprod LK, Janelsins M, Peppone LJ, Palesh OG, Chandwani K, et al. Multicenter randomized controlled trial of yoga for sleep quality among cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol 2013;31(26):3233–3241.
  34. Cohen L, Warneke C, Fouladi RT, Rodriguez MA, Chaoul- Reich A. Psychological adjustment and sleep quality in a randomized trial of the effects of a Tibetan yoga intervention in patients with lymphoma. Cancer 2004;100(10):2253– 2260.
  35. Bower JE, Woolery A, Sternlieb B, Garet D. Yoga for cancer patients and survivors. Cancer Control 2005;12(3):165– 171.
  36. Palesh O, Peppone L, Innominato PF, Janelsins M, Jeong M, Sprod L, et al. Prevalence, putative mechanisms, and current management of sleep problems during chemotherapy for cancer. Nat Sci Sleep 2012;4:151–162.
  37. Yurtkuran M, Alp A, Yurtkuran M, Dilek K. A modified yoga-based exercise program in hemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Med 2007;15(3):164–171.
  38. Taibi DM, Vitiello MV. A pilot study of gentle yoga for sleep disturbance in women with osteoarthritis. Sleep Med 2011;12(5):512–517.
  39. Booth-La Force C, Thurston RC, Taylor MR. A pilot study of a Hatha yoga treatment for menopausal symptoms. Postgrad Med J 2006;82(972):626–629.
  40. Afonso RF, Hachul H, Kozasa EH, Oliveira Dde S, Goto V, Rodrigues D, et al. Yoga decreases insomnia in postmenopausal women: a randomized clinical trial. Menopause 2012;19(2):186–193.
  41. Elavsky S, McAuley E. Lack of perceived sleep improvement after 4-month structured exercise programs. Menopause 2007;14(3 Pt 1):535–540.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.