Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine

Register      Login

VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 2 ( April-June, 2021 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Sleep Deprivation and Disruptors of Sleep among Secondary Schoolchildren and Adolescents from Mumbai City

Sharvari R Desai, Rama A Vaidya, Shobha A Udipi, Pallavi S Ullal, Sangeeta A Chokhani, Abha Dharam Pal, Ashok Vaidya

Citation Information : Desai SR, Vaidya RA, Udipi SA, Ullal PS, Chokhani SA, Pal AD, Vaidya A. Sleep Deprivation and Disruptors of Sleep among Secondary Schoolchildren and Adolescents from Mumbai City. Indian Sleep Med 2021; 16 (2):33-39.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0068

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 13-07-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Aims and objectives: Good sleep quality entails that it is continuous without any interruptions, characterized by early onset of sleep, fewer interruptions or disruptions, and fewer early awakenings. Studies indicate that younger adolescents are perhaps the most sleep-deprived and vulnerable to sleep disturbances. Therefore, the present study examined sleep disruption among Indian school children/adolescents. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in two schools (purposively selected) catering to children from different socioeconomic backgrounds. Overall, 1,974 children aged 10–18 years were studied, 1,083 children belonging to a government-aided school (GAS) and the remaining 891 were from an international school (IS). Sleep quality was assessed using a detailed questionnaire containing questions based on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: Among the 1,974 participants, 38.5% (n = 759) of children reported that they had disrupted sleep. Almost, one-third (33.9%, n = 125) of the children, whose sleep was disrupted every night, slept for 6 hours or less. Sleep disruption was higher among the children attending the GAS (41.5%) compared to children who were from much better socioeconomic backgrounds and were attending the IS (34.7%). Overall, noise was a major disruptor for more 39.6% of the children, followed by the urge to go the bathroom (33.2%). Half the children (50.3%) with disrupted night sleep listened to music and 46.3% reported that they thought about/were worried about the next day. Thirty-five percent of the students reported that they watched television or used mobiles (34.1%) or played video games (33.1%). Conclusions: The study results indicated that a fairly high percentage of urban students experience sleep disruption and their daily habits before going to bed, technological advancement, social chatting on mobiles as well as their economic background influenced their sleep pattern.


HTML PDF Share
  1. Hui SK, Grandner MA. Trouble sleeping associated with lower work performance and greater health care costs: longitudinal data from Kansas State employee wellness program. J Occup Environ Med 2015;57(10):1031–1038. DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000000534.
  2. Darchia N, Oniani N, Sakhelashvili I, et al. Relationship between sleep disorders and health related quality of life-results from the Georgia SOMNUS Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018;15(8):1588. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15081588.
  3. Mak YW, Wu CS, Hui DW, et al. Association between screen viewing duration and sleep duration, sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness among adolescents in Hong Kong. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2014;11(11):11201–11219. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph111111201.
  4. Kaur H, Bhoday HS. Changing adolescent sleep patterns: factors affecting them and the related problems. J Assoc Physicians India 2017;65(3):73–77. PMID: 28462547. PMID: 28462547.
  5. Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, et al. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Health 2010;46(2):124–132. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.016.
  6. Commonwealth of Australia as represented by the Department of Health. The health effects of environmental noise; 2018. Available from: https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/Publishing.nsf/Content/A12B57E41EC9F326CA257BF0001F9E7D/$File/health-effects-Environmental-Noise-2018.pdf.
  7. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research. Sleep disorders and sleep deprivation: an unmet public health problem. Colten HR, Altevogt BM, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2006.
  8. Morgenthaler TI, Croft JB, Dort LC, et al. Development of the National Healthy Sleep Awareness Project sleep health surveillance questions. J Clin Sleep Med 2015;11(9):1057–1062. DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.5026.
  9. Matricciani L, Bin YS, Lallukka T, et al. Past, present, and future: trends in sleep duration and implications for public health. Sleep Health 2017;3(5):317–323. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.07.006.
  10. Besedovsky L, Lange T, Born J. Sleep and immune function. Pflugers Arch 2012;463(1):121–137. DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0.
  11. Ibarra-Coronado EG, Pantaleón-Martínez AM, Velazquéz-Moctezuma J, et al. The bidirectional relationship between sleep and immunity against infections. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:678164. DOI: 10.1155/2015/678164.
  12. Vaidya R, Rege N, Desai S, et al. Sleep aberrations in polycystic ovarian syndrome: an observational study of 38 women. Indian Practitioner 2019;72(9):25–29. Retrieved from http://articles.theindianpractitioner.com/index.php/tip/article/view/22.
  13. Galland BC, Mitchell EA. Helping children sleep. Arch Dis Child 2010;95(10):850–853. DOI: 10.1136/adc.2009.162974.
  14. Gregory AM, Caspi A, Eley TC, et al. Prospective longitudinal associations between persistent sleep problems in childhood and anxiety and depression disorders in adulthood. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2005;33(2):157–163. DOI: 10.1007/s10802-005-1824-0.
  15. Friedman NP, Corley RP, Hewitt JK, et al. Individual differences in childhood sleep problems predict later cognitive executive control. Sleep 2009;32(3):323–333. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/32.3.323.
  16. Lo JC, Ong JL, Leong RL, et al. Cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood in partially sleep deprived adolescents: the need for sleep study. Sleep 2016;39(3):687–698. DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5552.
  17. Zimmerman, F. Children's media use and sleep problems: issues and unanswered questions. Research Brief; 2008.
  18. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, et al. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989;28(2):193–213. DOI: 10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4.
  19. Terman LM, Hocking A. The sleep of school children: Its distribution according to age, and its relation to physical and mental efficiency. J Educ Psychol 1913;4(3), 138–147. DOI: 10.1037/h0070635.
  20. Astill RG, Van der Heijden KB, Van Ijzendoorn MH, et al. Sleep, cognition, and behavioral problems in school-age children: a century of research meta-analyzed. Psychol Bull 2012;138(6):1109–1138. DOI: 10.1037/a0028204.
  21. Davis KF, Parker KP, Montgomery GL. Sleep in infants and young children: part one: normal sleep. J Pediatr Health Care 2004;18(2):65–71. DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5245(03)00149-4.
  22. Belísio AS, Louzada FM, Azevedo CVM. Influence of social factors on the sleep-wake cycle in children. Sleep Sci.2010;3(2):122–126. Retrieved from http://www.sleepscience.org.br/details/109/en-US/influence-of-social-factors-on-QUERUERUERIESES
  23. Rhie S, Chae KY. Effects of school time on sleep duration and sleepiness in adolescents. PLoS One 2018;13(9):e0203318. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203318.
  24. Wang M. Sleepy students: a pediatrician's plea for later school start times; 2015. Available from: https://www.wbur.org/commonhealth/2015/01/15/pediatricians-plea-later-school-start.
  25. Biggs SN, Lushington K, James Martin A, et al. Gender, socioeconomic, and ethnic differences in sleep patterns in school-aged children. Sleep Med 2013;14(12):1304–1309. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.06.014.
  26. Jamir L, Nongkynrih B, Gupta SK. Community noise pollution in urban India: need for public health action. Indian J Community Med 2014;39(1):8–12. DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.126342.
  27. Dale LM, Goudreau S, Perron S, et al. Socioeconomic status and environmental noise exposure in Montreal, Canada. BMC Public Health 2015;15:205. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1571-2.
  28. Bagley EJ, Kelly RJ, Buckhalt JA, et al. What keeps low-SES children from sleeping well: the role of presleep worries and sleep environment. Sleep Med 2015;16(4):496–502. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.10.008.
  29. Weyde KV, Krog NH, Oftedal B, et al. Nocturnal road traffic noise exposure and children's sleep duration and sleep problems. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2017;14(5):491. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14050491.
  30. Halonen JI, Vahtera J, Stansfeld S, et al. Associations between nighttime traffic noise and sleep: the Finnish public sector study. Environ Health Perspect 2012;120(10):1391–1396. DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205026.
  31. Kim SJ, Chai SK, Lee KW, et al. Exposure-response relationship between aircraft noise and sleep quality: a community-based cross-sectional study. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2014;5(2):108–114. DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2014.03.004.
  32. Cajochen C, Zeitzer JM, Czeisler CA, et al. Dose-response relationship for light intensity and ocular and electroencephalographic correlates of human alertness. Behav Brain Res 2000;115(1):75–83. DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00236-9.
  33. Garmy P, Nyberg P, Jakobsson U. Sleep and television and computer habits of Swedish school-age children. J Sch Nurs 2012;28(6):469–476. DOI: 10.1177/1059840512444133.
  34. Carter GS. Sleep faring: a journey through the science of sleep. Arch Neurol 2007;64(8):1205. DOI: 10.1001/archneur.64.8.1205.
  35. Al-Hazzaa HM, Alhussain MH, Alhowikan AM, et al. Insufficient sleep duration and its association with breakfast intake, overweight/obesity, socio-demographics and selected lifestyle behaviors among Saudi school children. Nat Sci Sleep 2019;11:253–263. DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S225883.
  36. Pacheco SR, Miranda AM, Coelho R, et al. Overweight in youth and sleep quality: is there a link? Arch Endocrinol Metab 2017;61(4):367–373. DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000265.
  37. Fatima Y, Doi SA, Mamun AA. Longitudinal impact of sleep on overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and bias-adjusted meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2015;16(2):137–149. DOI: 10.1111/obr.12245.
  38. Joshi P, Cole K, Overton M. Trends in sedentary behaviors among high school students: analysis of television and other screen-time activities. J Phys Educ Sport 2016;16:1142–1145. DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2016.04183.
  39. Jarrin DC, McGrath JJ, Drake CL. Beyond sleep duration: distinct sleep dimensions are associated with obesity in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013;37(4):552–558. DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.4.
  40. Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Nader PR, et al. Home environmental influences on children's television watching from early to middle childhood. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2002;23(3):127–132. DOI: 10.1097/00004703-200206000-00001.
  41. Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Castillo R, et al. Physical activity, fitness, weight status, and cognitive performance in adolescents. J Pediatr 2010;157(6):917–922.e1–e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.06.026.
  42. Stoner L, Beets MW, Brazendale K, et al. Social jetlag is associated with adiposity in children. Glob Pediatr Health 2018;5:2333794X18816921. DOI: 10.1177/2333794X18816921.
  43. Blackham A, McDaniel J, Chauvin I, et al. Sleep disruptions and disorders in children and adolescents: a review of the impact of parents and family on sleeping behaviors. Ann Sleep Med 2019;2:19–35. DOI:10.36959/532/321.
  44. Thapan K, Arendt J, Skene DJ. An action spectrum for melatonin suppression: evidence for a novel non-rod, non-cone photoreceptor system in humans. J Physiol 2001;535(Pt 1):261–267. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.t01-1-00261.x.
  45. Cajochen C, Münch M, Kobialka S, et al. High sensitivity of human melatonin, alertness, thermoregulation, and heart rate to short wavelength light. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90(3):1311–1316. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0957.
  46. Ohayon MM, Milesi C. Artificial outdoor nighttime lights associate with altered sleep behavior in the American general population. Sleep 2016;39(6):1311–1320. DOI: 10.5665/sleep.5860.
  47. Jniene A, Errguig L, El Hangouche AJ, et al. Perception of sleep disturbances due to bedtime use of blue light-emitting devices and its impact on habits and sleep quality among young medical students. Biomed Res Int 2019;2019:7012350. DOI: 10.1155/2019/7012350.
  48. Tähkämö L, Partonen T, Pesonen AK. Systematic review of light exposure impact on human circadian rhythm. Chronobiol Int 2019;36(2):151–170. DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1527773.
  49. Hafner M, Troxel W, Stepanek M, et al. Why sleep matters: the macroeconomic costs of insufficient sleep. Sleep 2017;40:A297–A297. DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.802.
  50. Komada Y, Nishida Y, Namba K, et al. Elevated risk of motor vehicle accident for male drivers with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Tohoku J Exp Med 2009;219(1):11–16. DOI: 10.1620/tjem.219.1.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.