Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine

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VOLUME 16 , ISSUE 1 ( January-March, 2021 ) > List of Articles

Original Article

Prevalence and Risk Factors for OSA among Urban and Rural Subjects in Bengaluru District, South India: A Cross-sectional Study

Uma Devaraj, Uma Maheswari Krishnaswamy, Sujana Balla, Ashna M Pinto, Kavitha Venkatnarayan, Priya Ramachandran, Chitra Veluthat, George D Souza

Keywords : Berlin questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale, Level III sleep study, Obstructive sleep apnea, Rural and urban setting

Citation Information : Devaraj U, Krishnaswamy UM, Balla S, Pinto AM, Venkatnarayan K, Ramachandran P, Veluthat C, Souza GD. Prevalence and Risk Factors for OSA among Urban and Rural Subjects in Bengaluru District, South India: A Cross-sectional Study. Indian Sleep Med 2021; 16 (1):5-9.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0064

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-03-2021

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2021; The Author(s).


Abstract

Introduction: Prevalence rates of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in India vary widely due to diverse study settings. Besides, the literature comparing the prevalence of OSA between urban and rural settings is sparse. Aims and objectives: To determine prevalence and risk factors for OSA among urban and rural South Indian subjects. Materials and methods: This prospective study was carried out in seven census blocks in Bengaluru and seven villages in Anekal taluk. Clinical data were collected; Epworth sleepiness scale and Berlin questionnaire were used to screen for sleepiness and OSA, respectively. Subjects deemed high risk for OSA during screening underwent level III sleep study. Results: A total of 709 subjects (388 urban and 321 rural) were included. The mean age was 35.5 ± 10.6 years (urban subjects) and 39.4 ± 15.6 years (rural subjects). Those at risk of OSA after screening were 36 (6.7%) and 28 (8.7%) among urban and rural participants, respectively. The prevalence of OSA was 18 (4.6%) in urban and 12 (3.7%) in rural subjects. Discussion: The urban OSA group had significantly higher body mass index (27.6 vs 24.2 kg/m2; p = 0.05) and neck circumference (38.9 vs 34.4 cm; p = 0.0001). Although the overall prevalence of OSA was similar in both groups, urban subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of severe OSA (44 vs 8.4%). Conclusion: Prevalence of OSA was similar in urban and rural subjects but risk factors and OSA severity showed variation between the two groups, with urban subjects having unfavorable anthropometry and a higher proportion of severe OSA.


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