International obesity taskforce [IOTF]. Available: http://www.iotf.org/millennium.asp (accessed 1 November 2007).
World Health Organization (WHO). Available: www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html
Sturm R. Increases in clinically severe obesity in the United States, 1986-2000. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163:2146-2148.
Prentice A, Webb F. Obesity amidst poverty. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35:24-30.
Mudar G. Asia grapples with obesity epidemics. BMJ 2003;326:515.
Kessler R, Chaouat A, Schinkewitch P, et al. The obesity hypoventilation syndrome revisited: a prospective study of 34 consecutive cases. Chest 2001; 120:369-376
Kimura H, Eto H, Tatsumi K, et al. The prognosis and treatment effects in patients with obesity-hypoventilation syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The reports of the Respiratory Failure Research Group in Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. 88-90, 2000 (in Japanese).
Berg G, Delaive K, Manfreda J, Walld R, Kryger MH. The use of health-care resources in obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. Chest 2001;120: 377-383.
Kopelman PG. Obesity as a medical problem. Nature 2000;404:635-643.
Deepa R, Sandeep S, Mohan V. Abdominal obesity, visceral fat and type 2 diabetes - 'Asian Indian phenotype'. In: Mohan V, Gundu Rao, eds. Type 2 diabetes in South Asians: Epidemiology, risk factors and prevention. Jaypee Brothers Medical publishers, 2006; 138-52.
Dickens Charles The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. The Macmillan Company 1904.
Bickelmann AG, Burwell CS, robin ED, Whaley RD. Extreme obesity associated with alveolar hypoventilation; a Pickwickian syndrome. Am J Med. 1956;21:811-818.
Achincloss JH Jr, Cook E, Renzetti AD. Clinical and physiological aspects of a case of polycythemia and alveolar hypoventilation. J Clin Invest 1955; 34: 1537-1545.
Bickelmann AG, Burwell CS, Robin ED, Whaley RE. Extreme obesity with alveolar hypoventilation: a Pickwickian syndrome. Am J Med 1956; 121: 811-818.
Weitzenblum E, Kessler R, Chaouat A. [Alveolar hypoventilation in the obese: the obesity-hypoventilation syndrome] [Article in French]. Rev Pneumol Clin. 200;58:83-90.
The Reports of the Respiratory Failure Research Group in Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. 1-11, 1998 (in Japanese).
Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2007; 11:117-124.
Akashiba T, Akahoshi T, Kawahara S, et al. Clinical characteristics of obesity-hypoventilation syndrome in Japan: a multi-center study. Intern Med 2006; 45:1121-1125
American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research: the report of an American Academy of Sleep Medicine task force. Sleep 1999; 22:667-689.
Sugerman, HJ, Fairman, PR, Sood, RK, et al. Long-term effects of gastric surgery for treating respiratory insufficiency of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1992; 55,597S-601S.
Berger KI, Ayappa I, Chatr-Amontri B, Marfatia A, Sorkin IB, Rapoport DM, Goldring RM. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome as a spectrum of respiratory disturbances during sleep. Chest. 2001;120:1231-8.
Martin R. TJ, Sanders MH. Chronic alveolar hypoventilation: a review for the clinician. Sleep 1995; 18,617-634.
Jokic R, Zintel T, Sridhar G, Gallagher CG, Fitzpatrick M F. Ventilatory responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia in relatives of patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome Thorax 2000;55:940-945.
Bradley TD, Rutherford R, Lue F, et al. Role of diffuse airway obstruction in the hypercapnia of obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 134: 920-924, 1986.
Flenley DC. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. in: Principles and Practice of Sleep Medicine, Kryger MH, Roth R, Demment W,. Eds. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1989, 601-610.
Fitzpatrick M. Leptin and the obesity hypoventilation syndrome: a leap of faith? Thorax. 2002;57:75-6.
Yee B J., Cheung J, Phipps P, Banerjee D, Piper A J, Grunstein R R. Treatment of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome and Serum Leptin. Respiration 2006;73:209-212.
Tankersley. C, Kleeberger S, Russ B, et al. Modified control of breathing in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:716-723.
Greenberg HE, Scharf SM. Depressed ventilatory load compensation in sleep apnea: reversal by nasal CPAP. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1610-1615.
O'Donnell CP, Schaub CD, Haines AS, et al. Leptin prevents respiratory depression in obesity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;159:1477-1484.
O'Donnell CP, Tankersley CG, Polotsky, VP, et al. Leptin, obesity, and respiratory function. Respir Physiol 2000; 119:163-170.
Nowbar S, Burkart KM, Gonzales R, et al. Obesityassociated hypoventilation in hospitalized patients: prevalence, effects, and outcome. Am J Med 2004; 116:1-7.
Haraldsson PO, Akerstedt T. Drowsiness-greater traffic hazard than alcohol: causes, risks and treatment. Lakartidningen 2001;98:3018-3023.
Ahmed Q, Chung-Park M, Tomashefski JF Jr. Cardiopulmonary pathology in patients with sleep apnea/ obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Hum Pathol 1997; 28:264-269.
Shepard JW, Burger CD. Nasal and oral flow-volume loops in normal subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1990;142:1288-93.
Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2007; Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine (IJSM), Vol. 2, No. 3, 2007 79 11:117-124.
Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A. Recent Advances in Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome Chest. 2007; 132:1322-1336.
Sutton FD Jr, Zwillich CW, Creagh CE, et al. Progesterone for outpatient treatment of Pickwickian syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1975; 83:476-479
Kimura H, Tatsumi K, Kunitomo F, et al. Progesterone therapy for sleep apnea syndrome evaluated by occlusion pressure responses to exogenous loading. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139:1198-1206.
Skatrud JB, Dempsey JA, Bhansali P, et al. Determinants of chronic carbon dioxide retention and its correction in humans. J Clin Invest 1980; 65:813-821.
Poulter NR, Chang CL, Farley TM, et al. Risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with oral progestagen preparations with therapeutic indications. Lancet 1999; 354:1610.
Teppema LJ, Dahan A. Acetazolamide and breathing: does a clinical dose alter peripheral and central CO(2) sensitivity? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1592-1597.
Olson AL, Zwillich C. The obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Am J Med 2005;118:948-56.
Gastrointestinal surgery for severe obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1992; 55: 615S-619S.
Johnson W, DeMaria E. Surgical treatment of obesity. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol 2006; 9: 167-74.
Kim SH, Eisele DW, Smith PL, et al. Evaluation of patients with sleep apnea after tracheotomy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 124:996-1000.
Morgan EJ, Zwillich CW. The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome. West J Med 1978;129:387-393.
Kuhlo W, Doll E: Pulmonary hypertension and the effect of tracheotomy in a case of pickwickian syndrome. Bull Physio-Path Resp 1972; 8:1205-1216.