Introduction: Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, significantly impacts quality of life and overall health. Contemporary medical approaches, such as pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia, offer effective treatments with a strong evidence base. Traditional medicine, including the use of medicinal plants like valerian, magnolia, and artemisia, provides options that have been used for centuries. This article explores how the integration of traditional and contemporary medicine can enhance insomnia treatment outcomes. Discussion: Contemporary medicine targets various neurotransmitter systems, and mindfulness methods address the behavioral and psychological aspects of insomnia. Traditional medicine leverages natural remedies that target GABAergic signaling to promote sleep. Conclusion: By combining the strengths of both modalities, a more holistic and personalized treatment plan can be developed, potentially maximizing efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Leveraging the benefits of natural remedies alongside modern therapeutic techniques can address the diverse needs of patients more comprehensively. Future research and clinical trials are essential to validate this integrative approach and establish standardized protocols for its implementation.