Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine

Register      Login

VOLUME 17 , ISSUE 2 ( April-June, 2022 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Is Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents Principally Caused by Society Rather than Physiology?

Mousumi Chakrabarty

Keywords : Adolescents sleep deprivation, Insufficient sleep, Sleep practice

Citation Information : Chakrabarty M. Is Insufficient Sleep in Adolescents Principally Caused by Society Rather than Physiology?. Indian Sleep Med 2022; 17 (2):44-49.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0100

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 27-07-2022

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2022; The Author(s).


Abstract

Insufficient sleep is a major health issue in adolescents resulting in poor academic performance, mental health problems, and increased cases of automobile accidents. An intrinsic biological phase delay with the onset of puberty influences sleep timing in this population. Moreover, increased night time use of electronic gadgets, late night socializing, etc. coupled with early school start times (SST) result in sleep-deprived teenagers. Although most of them oversleep during weekends, this hardly compensates for the sleep loss on weekdays. Various studies have shown that insufficient sleep in adolescents is caused not only by the physiological change brought about by puberty but also by various social aspects which influence their sleep. Maintaining sleep hygiene practices along with a delay in SST have shown marked improvement in adolescent sleep health. Sleep medicine practitioners can play a key role in bringing about this change through sleep health education as well as administrative reforms.


PDF Share
  1. Gupta R, Pandi–Perumal SR. “Sleep well, sleep on time” and insufficient sleep: a need for more research and public health policies. Sleep Vigilance 2019;3(2):91–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41782-019-00078-0.
  2. Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Seifer R. Adolescent sleep on long nights with and without prior sleep deprivation. Sleep 1998;21(8):871–881.https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/21.8.871.
  3. Jenni OG, Achermann P, Carskadon MA. Homeostatic sleep regulation in adolescents. Sleep 2005;28(11):1446–1454. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/28.11.1446.
  4. Carskadon MA, Vieira C, Acebo C. Association between puberty and delayed phase preference. Sleep 1993;16(3):258–262. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/16.3.258.
  5. Calamaro CJ, Mason TB, Ratcliffe SJ. Adolescents living the 24/7 lifestyle: effects of caffeine and technology on sleep duration and daytime functioning. Pediatrics 2009;123(6):e1005–e1010. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-3641.
  6. Munezawa T, Kaneita Y, Osaki Y, et al. The association between use of mobile phones after lights out and sleep disturbances among Japanese adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. Sleep 2011;34(8):1013–1020. DOI: 10.5665/SLEEP.1152.
  7. Owens J, Adolescent Sleep Working Group. Insufficient sleep in adolescents and young adults: an update on causes and consequences. Pediatrics 2014;134(3):e921–e932. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-1696.
  8. Pollak CP, Bright D. Caffeine consumption and weekly sleep patterns in US seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-graders. Pediatrics 2003;111(1):42–46. DOI: 10.1542/peds.111.1.42.
  9. Orbeta RL, Overpeck MD, Ramcharran D, et al. High caffeine intake in adolescents: associations with difficulty sleeping and feeling tired in the morning. J Adolesc Health 2006;38(4):451–453. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.014.
  10. Carskadon MA, Wolfson AR, Acebo C, et al. Adolescent sleep patterns, circadian timing, and sleepiness at a transition to early school days. Sleep 1998;21(8):871–881. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/21.8.871.
  11. Bowers JM, Moyer A. Effects of school start time on students’ sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and attendance: a meta-analysis. Sleep Health 2017;3(6):423–431. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.08.004.
  12. Lo JC, Lee SM, Lee XK, et al. Sustained benefits of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep and well-being. Sleep 2018;41(6):zsy052. DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy052.
  13. Tarokh L, Raffray T, Van Reen E, et al. Physiology of normal sleep in adolescents. Adolesc Med State Art Rev 2010;21(3):401–417. PMID: 21302851.
  14. Taylor DJ, Jenni OG, Acebo C, et al. Sleep tendency during extended wakefulness: insights into adolescent sleep regulation and behavior. J Sleep Res 2005;14(3):239–244. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2005.00467.x.
  15. Carskadon MA, Acebo C, Richardson GS, et al. An approach to studying circadian rhythms of adolescent humans. J Biol Rhythms 1997;12(3):278–289. DOI: 10.1177/074873049701200309.
  16. Carskadon MA. The second decade. In Guilleminault C, editor. Sleeping and waking disorders: Indications and techniques. Menlo Park: Addison Wesley 1982. pp. 99–125.
  17. Park YM, Matsumoto K, Seo YJ, et al. Changes of sleep or waking habits by age and sex in Japanese. Percept Mot Skills 2002;94(Suppl. 3; Pt. 2):1199−1213. DOI: 10.2466/pms.2002.94.3c.1199.
  18. Saarenpää−Heikkilä OA, Rintahaka PJ, Laippala PJ, et al. Sleep habits and disorders in Finnish schoolchildren. J Sleep Res 1995;4(3):173−182. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00166.x.
  19. Andrade M, Menna−Barreto L. Sleep patterns of high school students living in São Paulo, Brazil. In: Carskadon MA, editor. Adolescent Sleep Patterns: Biological, Social, and Psychological Influences. Cambridge University Press; 2002. pp. 118–131.
  20. Gibson ES, Powles AC, Thabane L, et al. “Sleepiness” is serious in adolescence: two surveys of 3235 Canadian students. BMC Public Health 2006;6(1):116. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-6-116.
  21. Warner S, Murray G, Meyer D. Holiday and school-term sleep patterns of Australian adolescents. J Adolesc 2008;31(5):595–608. DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.10.005.
  22. Dorofaeff TF, Denny S. Sleep and adolescence. Do New Zealand teenagers get enough? J Paediatr Child Health 2006;42(9):515−520. DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00914.x.
  23. Reid A, Maldonado CC, Baker FC. Sleep behavior of South African adolescents. Sleep 2002;25(4):417−421. PMID: 12071543.
  24. Huang YS, Wang CH, Guilleminault C. An epidemiologic study of sleep problems among adolescents in North Taiwan. Sleep medicine 2010;11(10):1035–1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2010.04.009.
  25. Pallesen S, Saxvig IW, Molde H, et al. Brief report: behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome in older adolescents: prevalence and correlates. J Adolesc 2011;34(2):391−395. DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.005.
  26. Sanderson M, Reininger B, Aguirre−Flores MI. Disturbed Sleep Among Adolescents Living in 2 Communities on the Texas−Mexico Border, 2000−2003. Prev Chronic Dis 2010;7(2):A40. PMID: 20158968.
  27. Marco CA, Wolfson AR, Sparling M, et al. Family socioeconomic status and sleep patterns of young adolescents. Behav Sleep Med 2012;10(1):70−80. DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2012.636298.
  28. Knutson KL, Lauderdale DS. Sociodemographic and behavioral predictors of bed time and wake time among US adolescents aged 15 to 17 years. J Pediatr 2009;154(3):426−430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.08.035.
  29. McHale SM, Kim JY, Kan M, et al. Sleep in Mexican−American adolescents: social ecological and well-being correlates. J Youth Adolesc 2011;40(6):666−679. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-010-9574-x.
  30. Dodor BA, Shelley MC, Hausafus CO. Adolescents’ health behaviors and obesity: does race affect this epidemic? Nutr Res Pract 2010;4(6):528−534. DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2010.4.6.528.
  31. Wright Jr KP, Hughes RJ, Kronauer RE, et al. Intrinsic near-24-h pacemaker period determines limits of circadian entrainment to a weak synchronizer in humans. Proceed Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98(24):14027−14032. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.201530198.
  32. Crowley SJ, Cain S, Burns AC, et al. Increased sensitivity of the circadian system to light in early/mid-puberty. The J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015;100(11):4067–4073. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-2775.
  33. Baiden P, Tadeo SK, Peters KE. The association between excessive screen-time behaviors and insufficient sleep among adolescents: findings from the 2017 youth risk behavior surveillance system. Psychiatr Res 2019;281:112586. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112586.
  34. Zou Y, He MJ, Su DT, et al. The current status of insufficient sleep duration and its influencing factors among children and adolescents: a household based cross-sectional study in Zhejiang Province, China. J Pediatr Nurs 2021;60:e1−e5. DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.009.
  35. Loughran SP, Wood AW, Barton JM, et al. The effect of electromagnetic fields emitted by mobile phones on human sleep. Neuroreport 2005;16(17):1973−1976. DOI: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000186593.79705.3c.
  36. Wood AW, Loughran SP, Stough C. Does evening exposure to mobile phone radiation affect subsequent melatonin production? Int J Radiat Biol 2006;82(2):69−76. DOI: 10.1080/09553000600599775.
  37. Owens JA, Belon K, Moss P. Impact of delaying school start time on adolescent sleep, mood, and behavior. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010;164(7):608−614. DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.96.
  38. Wolfson AR, Spaulding NL, Dandrow C, et al. Middle school start times: the importance of a good night's sleep for young adolescents. Behav Sleep Med 2007;5(3):194−209. DOI: 10.1080/15402000701263809.
  39. Danner F, Phillips B. Adolescent sleep, school start times, and teen motor vehicle crashes. J Clin Sleep Med 2008;4(6):533−535. PMID: 19110880.
  40. Meldrum RC, Jackson DB, Archer R, et al. Perceived school safety, perceived neighborhood safety, and insufficient sleep among adolescents. Sleep Health 2018;4(5):429−435. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.07.006.
  41. Rojo−Wissar DM, Owusu JT, Nyhuis C, et al. Parent–child relationship quality and sleep among adolescents: modification by race/ethnicity. Sleep Health 2020;6(2):145−152. DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.12.010.
  42. Kadzikowska−Wrzosek R. Insufficient sleep among adolescents: the role of bedtime procrastination, chronotype and autonomous vs. controlled motivational regulations. Curr Psychol 2018;39(3):1031−1040. DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9825-7.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.